Photo-Realistic Facial Details Synthesis from Single Image

We present a single-image 3D face synthesis technique that can handle challenging facial expressions while recovering fine geometric details. Our technique employs expression analysis for proxy face geometry generation and combines supervised and unsupervised learning for facial detail synthesis. On proxy generation, we conduct emotion prediction to determine a new expression-informed proxy. On detail synthesis, we present a Deep Facial Detail Net (DFDN) based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Net (CGAN) that employs both geometry and appearance loss functions. For geometry, we capture 366 high-quality 3D scans from 122 different subjects under 3 facial expressions. For appearance, we use additional 20K in-the-wild face images and apply image-based rendering to accommodate lighting variations. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our framework can produce high-quality 3D faces with realistic details under challenging facial expressions

Spatial Homogenization Adjustment and Application of Weather Station Networks in Xinjiang, China

In this study, we define the S0 value (buffer zone area centred on a meteorological station) and two inhomogeneity measurement parameters, the station domain area and station network density, for 89 weather stations in the Xinjiang region, and we construct the weight coefficient of the station network according to the station domain area. Applying the weight coefficient, we calculate the mean temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature in January, April, July, October, and annually in the Xinjiang region from 1961 to 2021. The results show that the S0 value of 200,000 km2 is suitable for determining the weight coefficient of the station network in the Xinjiang region. The two measurement parameters can quantitatively reflect the inhomogeneity of the distribution of 89 weather stations in the Xinjiang region. The spatial distribution density of the station network is positively proportional to the station network density and inversely proportional to the station domain area and weight coefficient of the stations. The equal-weighted average is lower than the spatially homogenized revised average, which underestimates the mean temperature in the Xinjiang region, and the spatially homogenized revised average better reflects the real temperature in the Xinjiang region. The annual and monthly mean temperatures, maximum and minimum temperatures calculated by the spatially homogenized revised average, and the equal-weighted average have the same upwards trend, and the mean temperature warming trend calculated by the two methods have differences, but the differences are not significant. The annual, January, April, July, and October minimum temperature warming trends according to the spatial homogenization revised average are greater than the maximum temperature warming trend and the mean temperature warming trend, and the annual minimum temperature warming trend is 3.3 times the annual maximum warming trend and two times the annual mean temperature

Synthesis and characterization of structure optimized film doped with Rhodamine 6G

Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) property of a red dye rhodamine 6 g (R6G) doped into a highly ordered mesoporous SBA-15 film and a planar waveguide poly (4-vinylphenol) (P4VP) film were studied and compared. Regular morphology and mesoporous structure have been evidenced from the photographs, TEM and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption characterizations. A narrower, higher peak was observed in emission spectra from the meso-structured SBA-15 film doping with R6G (R6G/SBA-15) compared with the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum that of R6G in C2H5OH (R6G/C2H5OH) solution, was abruptly narrowed down to a line-width of about 9.8 nm when pumping at an energy of 0.12 mJ pulse-1, which indicates a favorable ASE property in R6G/SBA-15 film. Comparing the P4VP film spin-coating with R6G (R6G/P4VP), the R6G/SBA-15 film exhibited a much narrower and stronger emission spectrum when it is pumped by the 355 nm pulsed source at the same pumping energy, which means that the meso-structure of the SBA-15 film can optimize ASE property of the material. The threshold was easily obtained by R6G/SBA-15 film at 0.02 mJ pulse-1, and it was lower than that of R6G/P4VP film. The optimized ASE property owes much to the effects of the better spatial confinement of the molecules in the ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 film

Role of Formamidinium (FA) In the Electronic and Thermodynamic Properties of MA(Pb: Sn)I3 Perovskites Using First Principle Calculations

Research on perovskite solar cells employing tin to replace or partially replace lead is becoming more popular because of the recent achievement of about 24.2% conversion efficiency for ecologically benign mixed Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells. However, a smaller effect on cohesive energies caused by the addition of a Sn metal has a considerable effect on thermodynamic properties of Pb-Sn perovskites under high-temperature effects. This paper investigates the role of formamidinium in the electronic and thermodynamic properties of MA(Pb: Sn)I3 perovskite alloy using density functional theory and CASTEP analysis through the Materials Studio. The intended A-cation perovskites have typical compounds FAxMA1-xSn0.5Pb0.5I3, where x=0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6. The control and FA-based perovskites were computed through CASTEP analysis from Material studio to determine the electronic and thermodynamic properties. The findings revealed an improved thermodynamic properties of FA added perovskites compared to control ones whereby no significant effect was found in band gap of MAPb0.5Sn0.5I3 perovskite due to addition of formamidinium. However, when x is above 0.5, the quality of the perovskite films declined, with a wide grain size dispersion and little crystallization as well as the phase impurities were detected. This necessitated a theoretical approach to achieve an optimum amount of FA additive required to improve the properties as well as providing a theoretical guidance for improving the properties of perovskite materials before carrying out experiments. Furthermore, the study predicts that it is possible to create a stable thermal MA(Pb: Sn)I3 alloy, if there is a well-thought-out design, which lays a foundation for the development and application of tin-lead mixed perovskite devices.   &nbsp

Analysis of the spectral response of flourishing-withering vegetation changes based on ground spectral measurements

A structural mode was used to characterize vegetation composition at the plant leaf level and a flourishing-withering ratio was developed. The spectral responses of vegetation with different flourishing-withering ratios were analyzed,: the change rates of the chlorophyll and moisture content indices of vegetation with different flourishing-withering ratios were compared, and correlations between the chlorophyll and moisture content indices were analyzed. The results reveal that leaves with an intermediate flourishing-withering ratio can increase the absorption signatures of vegetation and that band ranges of 570-700 nm and 1300-1540 nm can play a role in indicating changes in the flourishing-withering ratios of vegetation; NPQI, NPCI, R-695/R-420, R-695/R-760, R-750/R-700, the peak-value area of red: selvedge, the red selvedge amplitude, the ratio between the red selvedge amplitude and the minimum, amplitude, and the NDVI of vegetation change regularly with the change in flourishing-withering ratios, and these nine vegetation indices are highly related to the chlorophyll content. Vegetation indexes of NDWI and PRI are very sensitive to the flourishing-withering change in vegetation and are closely related to the moistures content, and the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.9. The derivative of the spectra is more effective in describing changes in the structural mode of vegetation with different! flourishing-withering ratios, especially at band ranges of 552-628 nm and 630-686 nm, and it is more, sensitive to the mixed flourishing-withering ratios of leaves rather than to the vegetation indices. The red selvedge position in the spectrum is highly related to the chlorophyll content and is not sensitive to: changes in the structural mode of mixed flourishing-withering leaves. The red selvedge parameters are sensitive to changes in the flourishing-withering ratio at the peak-value area of the red selvedge amplitude and the ratio between the red selvedge amplitude and the minimum amplitude. The effect of a sand background on the spectrum of withering leaves is higher than that of flourishing leaves; the effect of a sand background increases with increasing proportions of withering leaves, the superposition effect of the sand background on mixed flourishing-withering leaves is about 7% at visible light bands of 400-700 nm and 1300-1540 nm, and is over 10% at the near infrared band range of 700-1300 nm

Effects of Land Cover Change on Vegetation Carbon Source/Sink in Arid Terrestrial Ecosystems of Northwest China, 2001–2018

The arid terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle is one of the most important parts of the global carbon cycle, but it is vulnerable to external disturbances. As the most direct factor affecting the carbon cycle, how land cover change affects vegetation carbon sources/sinks in arid terrestrial ecosystems remains unclear. In this study, we chose the arid region of northwest China (ARNWC) as the study area and used net ecosystem productivity (NEP) as an indicator of vegetation carbon source/sink. Subsequently, we described the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of vegetation carbon sources/sinks in the ARNWC from 2001–2018 by combining the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) and a soil microbial heterotrophic respiration (RH) model and assessed the effects of land cover change on them through modeling scenario design. We found that land cover change had an obvious positive impact on vegetation carbon sinks. Among them, the effect of land cover type conversion contributed to an increase in total NEP of approximately 1.77 Tg C (reaching 15.55% of the original value), and after simultaneously considering the effect of vegetation growth enhancement, it contributed to an increase in total NEP of approximately 14.75 Tg C (reaching 129.61% of the original value). For different land cover types, cropland consistently contributed the most to the increment of NEP, and the regeneration of young and middle-aged forests also led to a significant increase in forest carbon sinks. Thus, our findings provide a reference for assessing the effects of land cover change on vegetation carbon sinks, and they indicated that cropland expansion and anthropogenic management dominated the growth of vegetation carbon sequestration in the ARNWC, that afforestation also benefits the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems, and that attention should be paid to restoring and protecting native vegetation in forestland and grassland regions in the future